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yeying12：
强大
HTTP协议详解,你所不知道的 -
夏雪纷纷：
据我所知，9月12日有个对于DXperience 2013新功 ...
DXperience 9.1.3 -
Emy：
现在面临第一个坎。。
IT高薪者所具备的人格魅力 -
yangxiutian：
很详细，楼主很会总结。
IE下 z-index 的各种坑 -
idleone：
真心求指教，全选怎么实现
Android开发之ListView，加入CheckBox（复选框），实现选择列表
软件工程知识体系全景图
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<div class="vym-header">软件工程知识体系<br><font size="3">整理：<a href="mailto:fasiondog@gmail.com">fasiondog(fasiondog@gmail.com)</a><br>来源：<a href="http://blog.csdn.net/kongdong/">http://blog.csdn.net/kongdong/</a><br>参考：《中国软件工程学科教程》（清华大学出版社）ISBN 7-302-0980206/TP.6763</font>
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<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246403">计算基础</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246426">计算机科学基础</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246444">程序设计基础</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246454">算法、数据结构与复杂性</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246463">问题求解技术</span></li>
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<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246472">抽象</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246480">计算机组织结构</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246489">系统基本概念</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246498">基础用户因素（I/O，错误信息，鲁棒性）</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246507">基础开发人员因素（注释，结构，可读性）</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246517">程序设计语言基础</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246526">操作系统基础</span></li>
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<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246534">数据库基础</span></li>
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<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246543">网络通信基础</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246552">编程语言的语义学</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246562">开发技术</span></li>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2246590">代码复用和程序库</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246599">面向对象运行问题（多态性，动态绑定等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246608">参数化和泛化</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246618">断言、契约化设计、防御性编程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246627">错误处理、异常处理和容错</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246636">基于状态和表驱动的开发技术</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246646">运行的配置和国际化</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246655">基于语法的输入处理（句法分析）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246665">并发元素（信号量、监视器等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246674">中间件（组件和容器）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246684">分布式软件的开发方法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246693">异构（硬件和软件）系统开发；软硬件综合设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246703">性能分析与调节</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246712">平台标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246721">测试优先的程序设计</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246731">开发工具</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246750">开发环境</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246759">GUI创建工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246768">单元测试工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246777">面向应用的语言（如脚本编程、可视化编程等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246787">剖析、性能分析和切片工具</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246798">形式化开发方法</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246816">抽象机的应用（如SDL、Paisley等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246826">形式化语言与方法的应用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246835">由规格说明自动生成代码</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246844">程序派生</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246853">候选实现分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246862">将规格说明映射到不同实现</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246872">提炼</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246881">正确性证明</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246892">数学与工程基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246915">数学基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246934">函数、关系和集合</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246943">基本逻辑（命题和谓词）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246952">证明技术（直接、矛盾、归纳）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246962">基础计算</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246971">图和树</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246980">离散概率学</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246989">有限状态机，正则表达式</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246998">语法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247007">数字精度、准确性和错误</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247016">数字理论</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247025">代数结构</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247035">软件的工程基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247054">经验方法和实验技术（如CPU和内存使用情况的计算机测量技术）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247065">统计分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247074">度量及其单位</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247083">系统开发（如安全、保险、性能、规模效应、特性相互作用等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247093">工程设计（问题表述、可选方案、可行性等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247103">度量理论</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247112">其他工程学科的工程科学</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247122">软件工程经济学</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247140">软件全生命周期的价值因素</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247150">生成系统目标（如共享设计、项目干系人双赢、质量职能运用、原型创建等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247160">评估成本有效的方案（如利润实现、折中分析、成本分析、投资回报等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247171">实现系统价值（如优先级确定、风险识别、成本控制等）</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247183">专业实践</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247207">团队动力学／心理学</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247226">在小组或团队中工作的动力学</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247235">个体认知（如限制）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247244">认知问题的复杂性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247254">与项目干系人的相互作用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247263">对待不确定性和模糊性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247272">适应多文化环境</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247283">沟通技巧</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247301">阅读、理解和概括（如源代码、文档）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247311">撰写（任务分配、报告、评估、解释等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247321">小组和团队沟通</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247330">表达技巧</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247340">职业道德</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247358">信用、认证和许可</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247367">职业道德与行为规范</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247376">社会、法律、历史和职业道德问题及关系</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247386">专业团队的本质和角色</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247396">软件工程标准的本质和角色</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247405">软件的经济效应</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247414">雇佣合同</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247425">软件建模与分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247449">建模基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247468">建模原则（如分解、抽象、泛化、投影／视图、明示、形式化方法的使用等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247478">前置与后置条件、不变量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247488">数学模型和规格说明语言简介</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247497">建模语言的属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247506">语法和语义</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247515">明示（排除假设，或说明所有假设）</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247526">模型类型</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247544">信息建模（如实体关系图、类图等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247554">行为建模</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247562">结构化分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2245746">状态图</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2245764">用例分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247854">交互图</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247871">故障模式和影响分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247889">故障树分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247907">结构建模</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247916">领域建模</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247924">功能建模</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247933">企业建模</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247941">业务流程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247958">组织结构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247975">目标</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247994">嵌入式系统建模</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248002">时序分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248019">外部接口分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248038">需求交互分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248045">特征交互</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248062">质量审议</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248079">视点分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248097">分析模式</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248105">问题框架</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248122">规格说明复用</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248141">分析基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248158">完善性分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248166">完整性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248183">一致性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248201">鲁棒性</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248219">正确性分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248227">静态分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248245">仿真分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248262">模型检查</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248280">非功能性质量需求分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248289">保险度</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248306">安全性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248323">可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248340">性能</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248358">根源分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248375">可靠性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248392">可维护性</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248411">优先级确定、折衷分析、风险分析和效果分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248421">可追踪性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248430">形式化分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248440">需求基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248458">需求定义</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248466">产品</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248483">项目</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248500">限制</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248518">系统边界</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248535">外部</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248552">内部</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248570">需求过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248579">需求的层／级</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248587">需要</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248604">目标</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248621">用户需求</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248638">系统需求</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248656">软件需求</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248674">需求特性</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248682">可测试性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248700">无二义性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248717">一致性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248734">正确性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248751">可理解性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248768">可追踪性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248785">优先级</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248803">管理需求变更</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248812">需求管理</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248820">一致性管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248838">发布计划</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248855">复用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248872">可追踪性管理</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248890">需求和体系结构之间的交互</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248900">需求与系统工程、人性化设计等的关系</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248909">缺陷问题</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248917">病态结构问题</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248935">多重方案问题</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248953">作为限制的COTS</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248964">获取需求</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248982">获取来源</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248991">获取技术</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248999">访谈</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249016">问卷调查</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249033">原型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249050">用例</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249067">观察</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249084">参与技术</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249102">高级技术</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249110">人文</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249127">知识获取</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249146">需求规格说明与文档</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249165">需求文档基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249173">类型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249191">受众</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249209">结构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249226">质量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249244">属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249261">标准</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249280">软件需求规格说明</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249289">规格说明语言</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249297">结构化描述</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249316">UML</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249335">需求验证</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249353">评审和检查</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249362">原型验证</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249371">确认测试设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249380">确认产品质量属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249389">形式化需求分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249401">软件设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249424">设计概念</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249443">设计的定义</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249452">基本设计问题</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249460">持久数据</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249478">存储管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249495">例外</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249513">软件开发生命周期中的设计环境</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249523">设计原则</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249531">信息隐藏</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249548">内聚与耦合</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249567">设计和需求之间的交互</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249576">质量属性设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249584">可靠性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249601">可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249618">性能</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249636">可测试性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249653">容错</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249671">设计折衷</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249680">体系结构风格、模式、复用</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249691">设计策略</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249709">面向功能的设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249718">面向对象的设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249728">以数据结构为中心的设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249737">面向方面的设计</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249747">体系结构设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249766">体系结构风格</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249774">管道与过滤器</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249791">分层</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249809">以事务为中心</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249826">点对点</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249844">出版－订阅架构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249929">基于事件</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249946">客户－服务器</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249964">多属性中的体系结构折衷</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249973">软件体系结构中的硬件问题</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249983">软件体系结构中的需求可追踪性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249992">特定领域的体系结构和产品线</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250002">体系结构表示</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250012">详细设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250030">设计方法</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250038">SSA／SD</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250056">JSD</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250074">OOD</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250092">设计模式</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250101">组件设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250110">组件和系统接口设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250119">设计表示</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250130">人机界面设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250148">通用人机界面设计原则</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250157">模式和导航的应用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250166">编程技术与可视化设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250175">颜色</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250192">图标</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250209">字体</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250226">布局</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250244">响应时间和反馈</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250254">设计形式</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250262">菜单驱动</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250279">表单</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250296">问答</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250314">本地化和国际化</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250323">人机界面设计方法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250332">多媒体</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250341">隐喻和概念模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250350">人机界面心理学</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250361">设计支持工具与评价</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250380">设计支持工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250389">设计属性度量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250398">设计标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250407">形式化设计分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250418">软件验证与确认</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250443">验证与确认的术语和基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250462">验证与确认的目标和限制</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250471">验证与确认效果规划</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250481">编写验证与确认策略文档</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250490">标准和度量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250499">生命周期不同阶段的验证与确认</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250510">评审</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250527">桌面验证</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250536">走读</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250545">检查</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250555">测试</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250574">单元测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250583">异常处理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250592">覆盖分析和基于结构的测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250601">黑盒功能测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250610">集成测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250619">基于用例开发测试用例</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250629">基于操作层面的测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250638">系统和确认测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250647">质量属性测试</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250655">可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250672">安全性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250690">兼容性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250707">性能</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250724">可访问性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250741">可靠性</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250759">回归测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250768">测试工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250777">发布过程</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250787">人机交互界面测试与评价</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250806">有效性和可用性的各个方面</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250816">启发式评价</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250825">感知式走查</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250834">用户测试方法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250843">Web可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250852">测试特定人机界面假定的规范实验</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250863">问题分析与报告</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250881">分析错误包括</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250890">调试／错误隔离技术</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250899">缺陷分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250908">问题追踪</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250920">软件演化</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250943">演化过程</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250962">演化和维护的基本概念</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250971">演化实体间的关系</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250980">软件演化模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250990">演化成本模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250999">演化规划</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251009">演化活动</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251027">使用遗留系统</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251036">程序理解和逆向工程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251045">系统和过程的再创建</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251055">影响分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251064">移植</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251073">重构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251082">程序转换</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251091">数据逆向工程</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251102">软件过程</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251125">过程概念</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251144">主题与术语</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251153">软件工程过程基础设施</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251162">软件过程建模与规格说明</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251172">软件过程度量与分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251181">软件工程过程改进</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251190">质量分析和控制</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251198">缺陷预防</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251216">评审过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251233">质量标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251251">根源分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251269">软件过程模型分析和建模</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251279">过程实现</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251298">过程定义的层次</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251307">生命周期模型</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251315">敏捷</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251332">瀑布</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251349">螺旋</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251366">V模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251384">迭代</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251402">生命周期过程模型与标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251412">个体软件过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251421">小组软件过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251430">过程裁剪</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251439">软件生命周期过程需求</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251450">软件质量</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251473">软件质量概念与文化</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251492">质量定义</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251501">社会对质量的关注</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251510">质量缺陷的成本与影响</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251520">质量模型的成本</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251529">软件质量属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251538">质量工程范围</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251547">人、过程、方法、工具和技术的角色</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251558">软件质量标准</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251576">ISO9000</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251585">ISO／IEEE12207</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251594">标准的组织实现</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251603">IEEE软件质量相关标准</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251614">软件质量过程</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251633">软件质量模型与标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251642">软件过程模型的质量相关方面</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251651">ISO15504和SEI CMM的概述</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251661">ISO15504的质量相关过程域</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251671">软件工程Baldridge奖的标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251680">其他过程模型的质量因素</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251691">过程保证</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251709">过程保证的本质</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251718">质量计划</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251727">过程保证的组织与报告</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251736">过程保证技术</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251746">产品保证</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251765">产品保证的本质</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
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<hr>
<table class="vym-footer"><tbody><tr>
<td class="vym-footerL">软件工程.vym</td>
<td class="vym-footerC">2006-05-27</td>
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<div class="vym-header">软件工程知识体系<br><font size="3">整理：<a href="mailto:fasiondog@gmail.com">fasiondog(fasiondog@gmail.com)</a><br>来源：<a href="http://blog.csdn.net/kongdong/">http://blog.csdn.net/kongdong/</a><br>参考：《中国软件工程学科教程》（清华大学出版社）ISBN 7-302-0980206/TP.6763</font>
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<area coords="" title="任务进度" alt="任务进度" href="#id2252052" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="效果评估" alt="效果评估" href="#id2252061" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="资源分配" alt="资源分配" href="#id2252070" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="风险管理" alt="风险管理" href="#id2252079" shape="rect">
<area coords="156,157,275,182" title="项目人员与组织" alt="项目人员与组织" href="#id2252089" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="人员培训、职业发展和评价" alt="人员培训、职业发展和评价" href="#id2252136" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="建设和激励团队" alt="建设和激励团队" href="#id2252154" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="监控和报告" alt="监控和报告" href="#id2252200" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="改正和回复" alt="改正和回复" href="#id2252219" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="奖励与惩罚" alt="奖励与惩罚" href="#id2252228" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="发布管理" alt="发布管理" href="#id2252275" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="工具支持" alt="工具支持" href="#id2252284" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="生成" alt="生成" href="#id2252293" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="软件配置管理过程" alt="软件配置管理过程" href="#id2252302" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="维护问题" alt="维护问题" href="#id2252311" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="发行和备份" alt="发行和备份" href="#id2252320" shape="rect">
<area coords="308,73,490,108" title="特定系统领域与应用" alt="特定系统领域与应用" href="#id2252331" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="Web技术" alt="Web技术" href="#id2252367" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="网络深入研究" alt="网络深入研究" href="#id2252376" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="安全深入研究" alt="安全深入研究" href="#id2252385" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="信息系统和数据处理" alt="信息系统和数据处理" href="#id2252395" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="数据库" alt="数据库" href="#id2252405" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="业务管理" alt="业务管理" href="#id2252414" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="数据挖掘" alt="数据挖掘" href="#id2252432" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="搜索" alt="搜索" href="#id2252442" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="金融与电子商务系统" alt="金融与电子商务系统" href="#id2252452" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="会计" alt="会计" href="#id2252462" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="容错与自救系统" alt="容错与自救系统" href="#id2252490" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="异构分布式系统" alt="异构分布式系统" href="#id2252500" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="故障分析" alt="故障分析" href="#id2252518" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="入侵检测" alt="入侵检测" href="#id2252527" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="高安全性系统" alt="高安全性系统" href="#id2252537" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="与安全相关的业务问题" alt="与安全相关的业务问题" href="#id2252547" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="安全弱化与风险" alt="安全弱化与风险" href="#id2252556" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="密码学、密码分析学" alt="密码学、密码分析学" href="#id2252566" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="网络技术深入研究" alt="网络技术深入研究" href="#id2252575" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="形式化方法、正确性证明" alt="形式化方法、正确性证明" href="#id2252595" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="控制系统知识" alt="控制系统知识" href="#id2252604" shape="rect">
<area coords="" title="失效模式、影响分析和故障树分析" alt="失效模式、影响分析和故障树分析" href="#id2252613" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="嵌入式系统硬件" alt="嵌入式系统硬件" href="#id2252634" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="硬件验证" alt="硬件验证" href="#id2252662" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="生物学和相关科学" alt="生物学和相关科学" href="#id2252682" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="统计学" alt="统计学" href="#id2252721" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="信号、信息理论" alt="信号、信息理论" href="#id2252750" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="控制系统" alt="控制系统" href="#id2252818" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="小型移动平台系统" alt="小型移动平台系统" href="#id2252886" shape="rect">
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<area coords="" title="知识工程" alt="知识工程" href="#id2252963" shape="rect"></map><hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246403">计算基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246426">计算机科学基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246444">程序设计基础</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246454">算法、数据结构与复杂性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246463">问题求解技术</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246472">抽象</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246480">计算机组织结构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246489">系统基本概念</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246498">基础用户因素（I/O，错误信息，鲁棒性）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246507">基础开发人员因素（注释，结构，可读性）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246517">程序设计语言基础</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246526">操作系统基础</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246534">数据库基础</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246543">网络通信基础</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246552">编程语言的语义学</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246562">开发技术</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246580">API设计与使用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246590">代码复用和程序库</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246599">面向对象运行问题（多态性，动态绑定等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246608">参数化和泛化</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246618">断言、契约化设计、防御性编程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246627">错误处理、异常处理和容错</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246636">基于状态和表驱动的开发技术</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246646">运行的配置和国际化</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246655">基于语法的输入处理（句法分析）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246665">并发元素（信号量、监视器等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246674">中间件（组件和容器）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246684">分布式软件的开发方法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246693">异构（硬件和软件）系统开发；软硬件综合设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246703">性能分析与调节</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246712">平台标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246721">测试优先的程序设计</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246731">开发工具</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246750">开发环境</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246759">GUI创建工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246768">单元测试工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246777">面向应用的语言（如脚本编程、可视化编程等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246787">剖析、性能分析和切片工具</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246798">形式化开发方法</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246816">抽象机的应用（如SDL、Paisley等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246826">形式化语言与方法的应用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246835">由规格说明自动生成代码</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246844">程序派生</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246853">候选实现分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246862">将规格说明映射到不同实现</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246872">提炼</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246881">正确性证明</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246892">数学与工程基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246915">数学基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246934">函数、关系和集合</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246943">基本逻辑（命题和谓词）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246952">证明技术（直接、矛盾、归纳）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246962">基础计算</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246971">图和树</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246980">离散概率学</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246989">有限状态机，正则表达式</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2246998">语法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247007">数字精度、准确性和错误</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247016">数字理论</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247025">代数结构</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247035">软件的工程基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247054">经验方法和实验技术（如CPU和内存使用情况的计算机测量技术）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247065">统计分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247074">度量及其单位</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247083">系统开发（如安全、保险、性能、规模效应、特性相互作用等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247093">工程设计（问题表述、可选方案、可行性等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247103">度量理论</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247112">其他工程学科的工程科学</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247122">软件工程经济学</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247140">软件全生命周期的价值因素</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247150">生成系统目标（如共享设计、项目干系人双赢、质量职能运用、原型创建等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247160">评估成本有效的方案（如利润实现、折中分析、成本分析、投资回报等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247171">实现系统价值（如优先级确定、风险识别、成本控制等）</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247183">专业实践</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247207">团队动力学／心理学</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247226">在小组或团队中工作的动力学</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247235">个体认知（如限制）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247244">认知问题的复杂性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247254">与项目干系人的相互作用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247263">对待不确定性和模糊性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247272">适应多文化环境</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247283">沟通技巧</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247301">阅读、理解和概括（如源代码、文档）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247311">撰写（任务分配、报告、评估、解释等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247321">小组和团队沟通</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247330">表达技巧</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247340">职业道德</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247358">信用、认证和许可</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247367">职业道德与行为规范</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247376">社会、法律、历史和职业道德问题及关系</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247386">专业团队的本质和角色</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247396">软件工程标准的本质和角色</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247405">软件的经济效应</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247414">雇佣合同</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247425">软件建模与分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247449">建模基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247468">建模原则（如分解、抽象、泛化、投影／视图、明示、形式化方法的使用等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247478">前置与后置条件、不变量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247488">数学模型和规格说明语言简介</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247497">建模语言的属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247506">语法和语义</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247515">明示（排除假设，或说明所有假设）</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247526">模型类型</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247544">信息建模（如实体关系图、类图等）</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247554">行为建模</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247562">结构化分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2245746">状态图</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2245764">用例分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247854">交互图</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247871">故障模式和影响分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247889">故障树分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247907">结构建模</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247916">领域建模</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247924">功能建模</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247933">企业建模</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247941">业务流程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247958">组织结构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247975">目标</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2247994">嵌入式系统建模</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248002">时序分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248019">外部接口分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248038">需求交互分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248045">特征交互</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248062">质量审议</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248079">视点分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248097">分析模式</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248105">问题框架</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248122">规格说明复用</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248141">分析基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248158">完善性分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248166">完整性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248183">一致性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248201">鲁棒性</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248219">正确性分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248227">静态分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248245">仿真分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248262">模型检查</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248280">非功能性质量需求分析</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248289">保险度</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248306">安全性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248323">可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248340">性能</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248358">根源分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248375">可靠性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248392">可维护性</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248411">优先级确定、折衷分析、风险分析和效果分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248421">可追踪性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248430">形式化分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248440">需求基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248458">需求定义</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248466">产品</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248483">项目</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248500">限制</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248518">系统边界</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248535">外部</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248552">内部</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248570">需求过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248579">需求的层／级</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248587">需要</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248604">目标</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248621">用户需求</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248638">系统需求</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248656">软件需求</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248674">需求特性</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248682">可测试性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248700">无二义性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248717">一致性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248734">正确性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248751">可理解性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248768">可追踪性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248785">优先级</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248803">管理需求变更</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248812">需求管理</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248820">一致性管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248838">发布计划</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248855">复用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248872">可追踪性管理</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248890">需求和体系结构之间的交互</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248900">需求与系统工程、人性化设计等的关系</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248909">缺陷问题</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248917">病态结构问题</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248935">多重方案问题</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248953">作为限制的COTS</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248964">获取需求</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248982">获取来源</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248991">获取技术</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2248999">访谈</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249016">问卷调查</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249033">原型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249050">用例</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249067">观察</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249084">参与技术</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249102">高级技术</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249110">人文</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249127">知识获取</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249146">需求规格说明与文档</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249165">需求文档基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249173">类型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249191">受众</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249209">结构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249226">质量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249244">属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249261">标准</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249280">软件需求规格说明</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249289">规格说明语言</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249297">结构化描述</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249316">UML</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249335">需求验证</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249353">评审和检查</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249362">原型验证</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249371">确认测试设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249380">确认产品质量属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249389">形式化需求分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249401">软件设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249424">设计概念</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249443">设计的定义</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249452">基本设计问题</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249460">持久数据</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249478">存储管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249495">例外</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249513">软件开发生命周期中的设计环境</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249523">设计原则</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249531">信息隐藏</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249548">内聚与耦合</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249567">设计和需求之间的交互</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249576">质量属性设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249584">可靠性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249601">可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249618">性能</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249636">可测试性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249653">容错</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249671">设计折衷</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249680">体系结构风格、模式、复用</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249691">设计策略</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249709">面向功能的设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249718">面向对象的设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249728">以数据结构为中心的设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249737">面向方面的设计</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249747">体系结构设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249766">体系结构风格</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249774">管道与过滤器</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249791">分层</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249809">以事务为中心</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249826">点对点</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249844">出版－订阅架构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249929">基于事件</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249946">客户－服务器</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249964">多属性中的体系结构折衷</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249973">软件体系结构中的硬件问题</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249983">软件体系结构中的需求可追踪性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2249992">特定领域的体系结构和产品线</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250002">体系结构表示</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250012">详细设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250030">设计方法</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250038">SSA／SD</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250056">JSD</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250074">OOD</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250092">设计模式</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250101">组件设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250110">组件和系统接口设计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250119">设计表示</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250130">人机界面设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250148">通用人机界面设计原则</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250157">模式和导航的应用</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250166">编程技术与可视化设计</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250175">颜色</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250192">图标</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250209">字体</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250226">布局</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250244">响应时间和反馈</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250254">设计形式</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250262">菜单驱动</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250279">表单</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250296">问答</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250314">本地化和国际化</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250323">人机界面设计方法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250332">多媒体</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250341">隐喻和概念模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250350">人机界面心理学</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250361">设计支持工具与评价</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250380">设计支持工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250389">设计属性度量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250398">设计标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250407">形式化设计分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250418">软件验证与确认</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250443">验证与确认的术语和基础</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250462">验证与确认的目标和限制</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250471">验证与确认效果规划</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250481">编写验证与确认策略文档</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250490">标准和度量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250499">生命周期不同阶段的验证与确认</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250510">评审</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250527">桌面验证</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250536">走读</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250545">检查</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250555">测试</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250574">单元测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250583">异常处理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250592">覆盖分析和基于结构的测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250601">黑盒功能测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250610">集成测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250619">基于用例开发测试用例</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250629">基于操作层面的测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250638">系统和确认测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250647">质量属性测试</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250655">可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250672">安全性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250690">兼容性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250707">性能</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250724">可访问性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250741">可靠性</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250759">回归测试</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250768">测试工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250777">发布过程</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250787">人机交互界面测试与评价</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250806">有效性和可用性的各个方面</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250816">启发式评价</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250825">感知式走查</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250834">用户测试方法</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250843">Web可用性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250852">测试特定人机界面假定的规范实验</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250863">问题分析与报告</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250881">分析错误包括</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250890">调试／错误隔离技术</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250899">缺陷分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250908">问题追踪</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250920">软件演化</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250943">演化过程</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250962">演化和维护的基本概念</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250971">演化实体间的关系</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250980">软件演化模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250990">演化成本模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2250999">演化规划</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251009">演化活动</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251027">使用遗留系统</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251036">程序理解和逆向工程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251045">系统和过程的再创建</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251055">影响分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251064">移植</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251073">重构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251082">程序转换</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251091">数据逆向工程</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251102">软件过程</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251125">过程概念</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251144">主题与术语</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251153">软件工程过程基础设施</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251162">软件过程建模与规格说明</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251172">软件过程度量与分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251181">软件工程过程改进</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251190">质量分析和控制</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251198">缺陷预防</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251216">评审过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251233">质量标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251251">根源分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251269">软件过程模型分析和建模</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251279">过程实现</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251298">过程定义的层次</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251307">生命周期模型</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251315">敏捷</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251332">瀑布</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251349">螺旋</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251366">V模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251384">迭代</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251402">生命周期过程模型与标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251412">个体软件过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251421">小组软件过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251430">过程裁剪</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251439">软件生命周期过程需求</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251450">软件质量</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251473">软件质量概念与文化</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251492">质量定义</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251501">社会对质量的关注</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251510">质量缺陷的成本与影响</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251520">质量模型的成本</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251529">软件质量属性</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251538">质量工程范围</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251547">人、过程、方法、工具和技术的角色</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251558">软件质量标准</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251576">ISO9000</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251585">ISO／IEEE12207</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251594">标准的组织实现</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251603">IEEE软件质量相关标准</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251614">软件质量过程</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251633">软件质量模型与标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251642">软件过程模型的质量相关方面</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251651">ISO15504和SEI CMM的概述</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251661">ISO15504的质量相关过程域</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251671">软件工程Baldridge奖的标准</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251680">其他过程模型的质量因素</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251691">过程保证</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251709">过程保证的本质</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251718">质量计划</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251727">过程保证的组织与报告</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251736">过程保证技术</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251746">产品保证</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251765">产品保证的本质</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251774">保证和“验证与确认”的区别</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251783">质量产品模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251792">根源分析和缺陷预防</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251802">质量产品标准和度量</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251811">产品质量属性的评估</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251822">软件管理</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251846">管理概念</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251864">通用项目管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251873">经典管理模型</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251882">项目管理角色</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251891">企业／组织管理结构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251900">软件管理类型</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251908">采购</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251926">风险</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251944">成本</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251961">开发</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251979">维护</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2251996">项目</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252015">项目计划</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252034">评估和计划</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252043">工作分解结构</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252052">任务进度</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252061">效果评估</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252070">资源分配</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252079">风险管理</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252089">项目人员与组织</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252108">组织结构、职位、职责和权利</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252117">正式／非正式沟通</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252126">项目人员管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252136">人员培训、职业发展和评价</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252145">会议管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252154">建设和激励团队</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252163">冲突解决</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252173">项目控制</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252191">变更控制</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252200">监控和报告</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252210">结果度量与分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252219">改正和回复</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252228">奖励与惩罚</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252237">绩效标准</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252247">软件配置管理</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252266">版本控制</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252275">发布管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252284">工具支持</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252293">生成</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252302">软件配置管理过程</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252311">维护问题</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252320">发行和备份</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252331">特定系统领域与应用</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252357">网络系统</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252367">Web技术</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252376">网络深入研究</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252385">安全深入研究</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252395">信息系统和数据处理</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252405">数据库</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252414">业务管理</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252423">数据仓库</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252432">数据挖掘</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252442">搜索</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252452">金融与电子商务系统</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252462">会计</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252471">金融</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252480">安全</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252490">容错与自救系统</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252500">异构分布式系统</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252509">安全</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252518">故障分析</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252527">入侵检测</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252537">高安全性系统</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252547">与安全相关的业务问题</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252556">安全弱化与风险</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252566">密码学、密码分析学</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252575">网络技术深入研究</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252585">安全重要系统</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252595">形式化方法、正确性证明</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252604">控制系统知识</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252613">失效模式、影响分析和故障树分析</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252624">嵌入式实时系统</span></li>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252634">嵌入式系统硬件</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252643">开发语言和工具</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252653">定时问题</span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="heading"><span id="id2252682">生物学和相关科学</span></li>
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<ul class="branch">
<li class="heading"><span id="id2252691">相关的安全重要系统知识</span></li>
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</div>
</div>
<hr>
<table class="vym-footer"><tbody><tr>
<td class="vym-footerL">软件工程.vym</td>
<td class="vym-footerC">2006-05-27</td>
<td class="vym-footerR">vym 1.7.4</td>
</tr></tbody></table>
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